Full Contents
List of figures
List of tables
Preface
Author’s acknowledgments
Publisher’s acknowledgments
Table of cases
Chronology of key dates in the development of criminal justice in England and Wales
PART A Introduction to criminal justice
Chapter 1 What is Criminal Justice?
Introduction
1.1 CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN ENGLAND AND WALES
1.2 CRIMINAL JUSTICE DEFINED: FUNCTIONS AND FORM
1.3 PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE
1.4 SYSTEMS APPROACH AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE SUB-SYSTEMS
1.5 PARADIGMS AND MODELS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE
1.6 RECENT LEGISLATION AND POLICY DEVELOPMENTS
CONCLUSION
Review questions
Discussion questions
Further reading
Weblinks
Chapter 2 What is Crime?
INTRODUCTION
2.1 DEFINING CRIME
2.2 LEGAL CATEGORIES OF CRIMINAL OFFENCES
2.3 MEASURING CRIME
2.4 CRIME TRENDS
2.5 TYPES OF OFFENCE
CONCLUSION
Review questions
Discussion questions
Key Dates
Further reading
Weblinks
Chapter 3 Victims and the impact of crime
INTRODUCTION
3.1 THE COST AND IMPACT OF CRIME
3.2 WHO ARE THE VICTIMS OF CRIME?
3.3 THE REDISCOVERY OF THE VICTIM
3.4 COMPENSATING VICTIMS
3.5 VICTIM SUPPORT
3.6 VICTIMS AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE
CONCLUSION
Review questions
Discussion questions
Further reading
Weblinks
Chapter 4 Government, political and administrative context of criminal justice in England and Wales
INTRODUCTION
4.1 LAW AND POLICY MAKING
4.2 GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION
4.3 POLITICAL CONTEXT
4.4 ‘GLOBALISATION’: CROSS-JURISDICTIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES TO CRIME
4.5 EUROPEAN INFLUENCES ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE POLICY
4.6 IMPLEMENTING CRIMINAL JUSTICE POLICY
4.7 MONITORING, ACCOUNTABILITY AND COMPLAINTS
CONCLUSION
Review questions
Discussion questions
Further reading
Weblinks
CHAPTER 5 Crime prevention and reduction
INTRODUCTION
5.1 WHAT IS CRIME PREVENTION?
5.2 THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF CRIME PREVENTION
5.3 THE GROWTH OF CRIME PREVENTION
5.4 CCTV
5.5 SITUATIONAL AND SOCIAL CRIME PREVENTION
5.6 BROKEN WINDOWS, ZERO TOLERANCE POLICING AND ANTI-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR
5.7 ISSUES IN CRIME PREVENTION
CONCLUSION
Review questions
Discussion questions
Further reading
Weblinks
PART B Criminal justice process: law enforcement
Chapter 6 The police
INTRODUCTION
6.1 THE ROLE AND DEVELOPMENT OF POLICING
6.2 ORGANISATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY
6.3 POLICE POWERS AND THE POLICE AND CRIMINAL EVIDENCE ACT 1984
6.4 POLICE WORK
6.5 FRONT-LINE DEFINERS OF CRIME: POLICE DISCRETION
CONCLUSION
Discussion questions
Review questions
Further reading
Key Dates
Weblinks
Chapter 7 Prosecution, caution and diversion
INTRODUCTION
7.1 FIXED PENALTIES (FPN and PND)
7.2 CAUTIONING
7.2 PROSECUTION
7.3 THE CODE FOR CROWN PROSECUTORS
7.4 PRIVATE PROSECUTIONS AND OTHER PROSECUTING AGENCIES
7.5 MENTALLY DISORDERED OFFENDERS
CONCLUSION
Review questions
Discussion questions
Further reading
Weblinks
Chapter 8 Youth justice
INTRODUCTION
8.1 YOUTH AND CRIME
8.2 YOUTH JUSTICE SYSTEM
CONCLUSION
Review questions
Discussion questions
Further reading
Weblinks
PART C Criminal justice process: criminal courts
Chapter 9 Criminal courts, judiciary and pre-trial procedure
INTRODUCTION
9.1 MAGISTRATES’ COURTS
9.2 CROWN COURT
9.3 JUDICIARY
9.4 SUMMONS, BAIL AND REMANDS IN CUSTODY
9.5 INDICATIONS OF PLEA AND MODE OF TRIAL DECISIONS
9.6 CASE MANAGEMENT
CONCLUSION
Review questions
Discussion questions
Further reading
Weblinks
Chapter 10 The trial and establishing guilt
INTRODUCTION
10.1 ADVERSARIAL JUSTICE: THE BURDEN AND STANDARD OF PROOF
10.2 ROLE OF THE TRIAL
10.3 JURIES
10.4 RIGHTS OF THE DEFENDANT IN COURT
10.5 PROTECTING WITNESS IDENTITY
10.6 EVIDENCE
10.7 APPEALS SYSTEM
10.8 CRIMINAL CASES REVIEW COMMISSION (CCRC)
CONCLUSION
Review questions
Discussion questions
Further reading
Key dates
Weblinks
PART D Criminal justice process: penal system
Chapter 11 Sentencing aims and process
INTRODUCTION
11.1 AIMS OF SENTENCING
11.2 TYPES OF SENTENCE
11.3 SENTENCING PROCEDURE
11.4 FACTORS INFLUENCING SENTENCING DECISIONS
11.5 STRUCTURING SENTENCING DECISIONS
CONCLUSION
Review questions
Discussion questions
Further reading
Weblinks
Chapter 12 Punishment philosophies and penal paradigms
INTRODUCTION
12.1 SENTENCING TRENDS AND REFORMS IN THE TWENTIETH AND TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
12.2 THE ERA OF REHABILITATION
12.3 JUST DESERTS AND THE JUSTICE MODEL
12.4 PRISON REDUCTIONISTS: LIMITING THE USE OF IMPRISONMENT
12.5 SHIFTING PENAL PARADIGMS
12.6 DOES PRISON WORK?
12.7 SENTENCING FOR WHOM?
CONCLUSION
Review questions
Discussion questions
Further reading
Weblinks
Chapter 13 Prisons
INTRODUCTION
13.1 ORIGINS OF THE PENITENTIARY
13.2 PRISONS IN ENGLAND AND WALES
13.3 PRISON POPULATION
13.4 IMPACT OF IMPRISONMENT ON INMATES
13.5 AIMS AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PRISON SERVICE
CONCLUSION
Review questions
Discussion questions
Further reading
Weblinks
Chapter 14 Probation Service and community penalties
INTRODUCTION
14.1 THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY SENTENCES
14.2 THE PROBATION SERVICE
14.3 ‘WHAT WORKS’ AND WHY, AND RECENT INITIATIVES IN COMMUNITY SENTENCES
14.4 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMUNITY SENTENCES
CONCLUSION
Review questions
Discussion questions
Further reading
Weblinks
Chapter 15 Conclusion
Glossary
Appendix practical exercises
Bibliography
Index