Structural Analysis SI (8e)

For courses in Structural Analysis.

This book provides students with a clear and thorough presentation of the theory and application of structural analysis as it applies to trusses, beams, and frames. Emphases are placed on teaching students to both model and analyze a structure. Procedures for Analysis, Hibbeler's problem solving methodologies provide student with a logical, orderly method to follow when applying theory.

1 Types of Structures and Loads 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Classification of Structures 4
1.3 Loads 9
1.4 Structural Design 26

2 Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures 33
2.1 Idealized Structure 33
2.2 Principle of Superposition 46
2.3 Equations of Equilibrium 47
2.4 Determinacy and Stability 48
2.5 Application of the Equations of Equilibrium 59

3 Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses 79
3.1 Common Types of Trusses 79
3.2 Classification of Coplanar Trusses 85
3.3 The Method of Joints 94
3.4 Zero-Force Members 98
3.5 The Method of Sections 104
3.6 Compound Trusses 110
3.7 Complex Trusses 116
3.8 Space Trusses 120

4 Internal Loadings Developed in Structural Members 133
4.1 Internal Loadings at a Specified Point 133
4.2 Shear and Moment Functions 139
4.3 Shear and Moment Diagrams for a Beam 150
4.4 Shear and Moment Diagrams for a Frame 163
4.5 Moment Diagrams Constructed by the Method of Superposition 168

5 Cables and Arches 181
5.1 Cables 181
5.2 Cable Subjected to Concentrated Loads 182
5.3 Cable Subjected to a Uniform Distributed Load 184
5.4 Arches 194
5.5 Three-Hinged Arch 195

6 Influence Lines for Statically Determinate Structures 205
6.1 Influence Lines 205
6.2 Influence Lines for Beams 213
6.3 Qualitative Influence Lines 216
6.4 Influence Lines for Floor Girders 228
6.5 Influence Lines for Trusses 232
6.6 Maximum Influence at a Point due to a Series of Concentrated Loads 240
6.7 Absolute Maximum Shear and Moment 250

7 Approximate Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Structures 263
7.1 Use of Approximate Methods 263
7.2 Trusses 264
7.3 Vertical Loads on Building Frames 270
7.4 Portal Frames and Trusses 273
7.5 Lateral Loads on Building Frames: Portal Method 282
7.6 Lateral Loads on Building Frames: Cantilever Method 288

8 Deflections 299
8.1 Deflection Diagrams and the Elastic Curve 299
8.2 Elastic-Beam Theory 305
8.3 The Double Integration Method 307
8.4 Moment-Area Theorems 316
8.5 Conjugate-Beam Method 326

9 Deflections Using Energy Methods 341
9.1 External Work and Strain Energy 341
9.2 Principle of Work and Energy 345
9.3 Principle of Virtual Work 346
9.4 Method of Virtual Work: Trusses 348
9.5 Castigliano’s Theorem 355
9.6 Castigliano’s Theorem for Trusses 356
9.7 Method of Virtual Work: Beams and Frames 364
9.8 Virtual Strain Energy Caused by Axial Load, Shear, Torsion, and Temperature 375
9.9 Castigliano’s Theorem for Beams and Frames 381

10 Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Structures by the ForceMethod 395
10.1 Statically Indeterminate Structures 395
10.2 Force Method of Analysis: General Procedure 398
10.3 Maxwell’s Theorem of Reciprocal Displacements; Betti’s Law 402
10.4 Force Method of Analysis: Beams 403
10.5 Force Method of Analysis: Frames 411
10.6 Force Method of Analysis: Trusses 422
10.7 Composite Structures 425
10.8 Additional Remarks on the Force Method of Analysis 428
10.9 Symmetric Structures 429
10.10 Influence Lines for Statically Indeterminate Beams 435
10.11 Qualitative Influence Lines for Frames 438

11 Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations 451
11.1 Displacement Method of Analysis: General Procedures 451
11.2 Slope-Deflection Equations 453
11.3 Analysis of Beams 459
11.4 Analysis of Frames: No Sidesway 469
11.5 Analysis of Frames: Sidesway 474

12 Displacement Method of Analysis: Moment Distribution 487
12.1 General Principles and Definitions 487
12.2 Moment Distribution for Beams 491
12.3 Stiffness-Factor Modifications 500
12.4 Moment Distribution for Frames: No Sidesway 508
12.5 Moment Distribution for Frames: Sidesway 510

13 Beams and Frames Having Nonprismatic Members 523
13.1 Loading Properties of Nonprismatic Members 523
13.2 Moment Distribution for Structures Having Nonprismatic Members 528
13.3 Slope-Deflection Equations for Nonprismatic Members 534

14 Truss Analysis Using the Stiffness Method 539
14.1 Fundamentals of the Stiffness Method 539
14.2 Member Stiffness Matrix 542
14.3 Displacement and Force Transformation Matrices 543
14.4 Member Global Stiffness Matrix 546
14.5 Truss Stiffness Matrix 547
14.6 Application of the Stiffness Method for Truss Analysis 552
14.7 Nodal Coordinates 560
14.8 Trusses Having Thermal Changesand Fabrication Errors 564
14.9 Space-Truss Analysis 570

15 Beam Analysis Using the Stiffness Method 575
15.1 Preliminary Remarks 575
15.2 Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix 577
15.3 Beam-Structure Stiffness Matrix 579
15.4 Application of the Stiffness Method for Beam Analysis 579

16 Plane Frame Analysis Using the Stiffness Method 595
16.1 Frame-Member Stiffness Matrix 595
16.2 Displacement and Force Transformation Matrices 597
16.3 Frame-Member Global Stiffness Matrix 599
16.4 Application of the Stiffness Method for Frame Analysis 600

Appendices
A. Matrix Algebra for Structural Analysis 612
B. General Procedure for Using
Structural Analysis Software 625
Answers to Selected Problems
Index

• Fundamental Problems. These problem sets are selectively located just after the example problems. They offer students simple applications of the concepts and, therefore, provide them with the chance to develop their problem-solving skills before attempting to solve any of the standard problems that follow. You may consider these problems as extended examples since they all have solutions and answers that are given in the back of the book. Additionally, the fundamental problems offer students an excellent means of studying for exams, and they can be used at a later time to prepare for the exam necessary to obtain a professional engineering license.
• Content Revision. Each section of the text was carefully reviewed to enhance clarity. This has included incorporating the new ASCE/SEI 07-10 standards on loading in Chapter 1, an improved explanation of how to draw shear and moment diagrams and the deflection curve of a structure, consolidating the material on structures having a variable moment of inertia, providing further discussion for analyzing structures having internal hinges using matrix analysis, and adding a new Appendix B that discusses some of the common features used for running current structural analysis computer software.
• Example Changes. In order to further enhance student interest, throughout the text some of the examples have been changed, and with the aid of photos, feature modeling and analysis of loadings applied to actual structures.
• Additional Photos. The relevance of knowing the subject matter is reflected by the realistic applications depicted in many new and updated photos along with captions that are placed throughout the book.
• New Problems. There are approximately 70% new problems in this edition. They retain a balance between easy, medium, and difficult applications. In addition to the author, the problems have been reviewed and checked by four other parties: Scott Hendricks, Karim Nohra, Kurt Norlin, and Kai Beng.
• Problem Arrangement. For convenience in assigning homework, the problems are now placed throughout the text. This way each chapter is organized into well-defined sections that contain an explanation of specific topics, illustrative example problems, and a set of homework problems that are arranged in approximate order of increasing difficulty.
• Companion Website. Contains an abundance of additional resources for students. An access code to the site, located at www.pearsonhighered.com/hibbeler is included with the purchase of every new book. There is also a link on the main screen for Instructors to Register for the site. Resources include:
• Pearson eText, which is a complete on-line version of the book that includes highlighting, note-taking, and search capabilities.
• Video Solutions that provide complete, step-by-step solution walkthroughs of representative homework problems from each chapter.
• Animations that help students visualize the relationship between mathematical explanations and real structure. These animations break complicated sequences down into logical steps.
• STRAN program that students can use to solve two and three dimensional trusses and beams, and two dimensional frames.

The text is divided into three parts.

Part I - Classical methods of analysis for statically determinate structures (Chapters 1-7).

Part II – Analysis of statically indeterminate structures (Chapters 8-13).

Part III – Treats the Analysis of structures using the stiffness method (Chapters 13-16).

Problem Solving

• Video Solutions — Developed by Professor Jim Hanson, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, these are complete, step-by-step solution walkthroughs of representative homework problems from each chapter. Videos offer:

  • Fully-worked Solutions — Showing every step of representative homework problems, to help students make vital connections between concepts.
  • Self-paced Instruction — Students can navigate each problem and select, play, rewind, fast-forward, stop, and jump-to-sections within each problem’s solution.
  • 24/7 Access — Help whenever students need it with hours of helpful review.
• End-of-Chapter Review — A new, thorough end of chapter review has been developed for the 7/e. Each important point is now accompanied by the relevant equation and art from the chapter providing the students a concise tool for reviewing chapter contents.
• Problems – Problems depict realistic situations encountered in practice. Throughout the book there is an appropriate balance of problems using either SI or FPS units. The intent has been to develop problems that test the student’s ability to apply the theory.
• Procedure for Analysis – Provides the student with a summary of the important concepts and a systematic approach for applying theory.
• Answers to Selected Problems – Provided in the back of the book.
• STRAN computer program – With the increased emphasis on using computers to analyze structures, STRAN provides students with a means of checking their worked out solutions.
• Project Problems – Problems that involve real structural systems are included at the end of selected chapters. They provide the student with insight as to how loads are determined and transmitted through the structure, as well as how the structure is designed to support the loadings.
• Hibbeler's hallmark triple-accuracy checking

Visualization

• Illustrations – Throughout the book, two-color art, including many photorealistic illustrations provides students with a visual connection to the 3-D nature of engineering.
• Photographs – Used throughout the book to explain how the principles of structural analysis apply to real-world situations.

R.C. Hibbeler graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana with a BS in Civil Engineering (major in Structures) and an MS in Nuclear Engineering. He obtained his PhD in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics from Northwestern University.

Hibbeler’s professional experience includes postdoctoral work in reactor safety and analysis at Argonne National Laboratory, and structural work at Chicago Bridge and Iron, as well as Sargent and Lundy in Tucson. He has practiced engineering in Ohio, New York, and Louisiana.

Hibbeler currently teaches at the University of Louisiana, Lafayette. In the past he has taught at the University of Illinois at Urbana, Youngstown State University, Illinois Institute of Technology, and Union College.